Objective To know whether the imported Oncomelania snails could survive in a simulated environment. Methods Snails from Guichi, Anhui province were put into the ponds of 4 square meters on each with densities of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 pairs. In the next 2 years, the activities of the snails and their offspring snails were recorded by some person every day. Statistical methods were used for this experiment. Results The Total No. snails declined on soil surface among the two years. Wilcoxon W Test and Kruskal - Wallis test were used to analyze total No. snails and No. filial generation snails on different densities respectively, results showed that there were statistical significances on total No. snails and No. filial generation snails except 12.5 snails per square and 100 snails per square groups. The statistical formula on total No. snails to different densities in 2011 and 2012 were Y=19.08Inx－21.66 (R²=0.217, P < 0.01) and Y= 6.31Inx－6.09 (R²=0.299, P < 0.01). On 2011 and 2012, the statistical formula on No. filial generation snails to different densities were Y=0.05Inx+0.14 (R²=0.002, P > 0.05) and Y=0.39Inx－0.13 (R²=0.041, P < 0.01). Conclusion The oncomelania snails can survive in the soils in neighborhood province. But there wasn't any snail establishment in the two years.

Objective To study the predatory capacity of Culex fuscanus on Aedes albopictus and the relevant influencing factors. Methods Culex fuscanus and Ae. albopictus larvae were collected in the field. Densities of Cx. fuscanus and Ae. albopictus larvae were recorded and the relationship between densities and the predatory capacity of Cx. fuscanus was studied. The surviving status of Ae. albopictus at different temperature and in water inhabited by Cx. fuscanus was investigated. Results When the density of prey fell in a certain range [under 25 Ae. albopictus larvae/(Cx. fuscanus larva·d)], the daily predation by Cx. fuscanus larvae was positively correlated with the density of Ae. albopictus (R=0.942, P<0.01), and the highest number of caught Ae. albopictus larvae was 55.86, as calculated by the Holling's disc equation. When the density of prey remained consistent, the daily predation by Cx. fuscanus larvae was negatively correlated with the density of its own (R=-0.943, P<0.01). Cx. fuscanus larvae could change the quality of water to reduce the survival rate of Ae. albopictus larvae (χ²=8.661, P=0.002). Significant difference in high temperature tolerance was observed between Ae. albopictus and Ae. albopictus larvae (t=7.365, P<0.01). Conclusion The biological control capability of Cx. fuscanus on Ae. albopictus is affected by many factors including temperature and densities of Ae. albopictus and Cx. fuscanus. Further studies are needed to evaluate the actual field efficacy of biological control. Predation of Ae. albopictus by Cx. fuscanus can be used as an attempt of biological control.

Objective To compare different methods for detection of Oncomelania hupensis eggs in the soil, and to evaluate the feasibility of snail egg hatching in a natural way or at a stable temperature. Methods Snails from Guichi district of Chizhou, Anhui province, China, were kept in the ponds of 4 square meters which mimicked natural ponds with 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 male or female snails per pond; the ratio of male and female snails was 1:1. Two years later, soils were taken from the ponds to measure the number of snail eggs and perform egg hatching experiments with four methods. Statistical analysis was performed for these methods. Results With each of the four methods, active snail eggs were detected or young snails were produced. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed no significant differences between the four methods in the detection rate of snail eggs or young snails. Log linear regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between the number of snails detected and the number of original snails in the pond (Y=1.7312Lnx-5.7060). No consistency was found for the four methods by Kappa test. Conclusion Active snail eggs present in soils can be hatched naturally or at a stable temperature.

Objective To determine the prevalence and gene sequence of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in the rodents in Ningbo Meishan Port Area. Methods Two pairs of specific primers were designed according to LCMV N gene, and RT-PCR was used to detect LCMV in the rodent samples captured in Ningbo Meishan Port Area in 2012. The PCR products of positive samples were subject to sequencing and then to nucleotide homology and phylogenetic tree analyses. Results Fifty-three rodent samples were tested, and two samples from house mice Mus musculus were LCMV-positive. The two isolated LCMV strains had a homology of 75%-87% with the LCMV strains isolated in other countries; they had the highest homology (87%) with the strain WHI and belong to the same group in the phylogenetic tree as the strain WHI. Conclusion LCMV prevalence in local rodents is confirmed, and there are some genetic differences between the two newly detected LCMV strains and the LCMV strains isolated elsewhere.

Objective To provide the basis for development of the prevention and control strategies of Japanese encephalitis (JE) by analysis of the comprehensive monitoring data on this condition in Henan province. Methods Excel 2003, SPSS 12.0 and Epi Info 2000 were used to analyze the encephalitic cases in Henan from 1995 to 2008 and the monitoring data on vectors and host animals at Tanghe and Xixian counties, state-level monitoring sites. ELISA assay was conducted for detection of serum JE IgG antibody in the host animals. Results The incidence of JE was downward mobile with periodic fluctuation from 1995 to 2008. 91.75% of the cases were found during July to September, and 79.80% were distributed in the south and southeast regions: Xinyang, Nanyang, Zhumadian, Zhoukou and Luoyang. Children aged 0 to 14 years were the primarily affected group in the province (85.01%), though a noticeably increased portion of those who were ≥15 of age (56.84%) was observed in Luoyang city. 87.31% of the cases had not received vaccination or obscure immunity history. The antibody positive conversion rate reached 50% in pigs one month earlier before the onset peak in humans, and the mosquito density peak was present a fortnight ahead of the onset peak. Conclusion The JE epidemic in Henan may be reduced by strengthening the monitoring of vectors and host animals, improving JE vaccination coverage and carrying out specific control measures for children in the prevalent areas as well as the older group in Luoyang city.

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of rabies from 1985 to 2007, and explore the reasons causing the increase of rabies and to provide the control measures. Methods The data of rabies incidences collected from 1985-2007 were classified and analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0. Results There were 31 cases of rabies during 1985-2007 in Quzhou, and 31 died, the mortality was 100%. Most of the cases occurred before 1992, and there were no case from 1993 to 2003.But the incidence gradually increased after 2004. There were cases reported in all counties except for Kaihua, and the epidemic could be seen each month. Children and young adults were more frequently affected and the incidence in males was higher than that in females. The peasants were the most susceptible peoples, which accounted for 77.42%. The cases were caused by dog bitten and most of them did not receive wound treatment or immunization. In recent years, the exposure rate of people increased from year to year, but the immunization rate after exposed tended to reduce. Conclusion The incidence of rabies in Quzhou presented a rapid rising trend. The increase of dog quantities leaded to the rising of exposure rate. The reasons leading to the increase of epidemic situation were the shortage of disease prevention knowledge, non?timely treatment of exposure wounds and immunization and the rising of rabies vaccine price. It should take specific measures to control rabies.

【Abstract】 Objective Compare the control efficacy and control cost of two different anticoagulant rodenticides against Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Methods Tests were carried out from September to October of 2007 in Abage county. The control efficacy and control cost of 4 different bait treatments methods were calculated. Results The results showed that the killing efficiency of bromadiolone poison baits to M.unguiculatus was 59.18%, increasing by 6.95% than that of sodium diphacinone (52.23%). Taking the control efficacy and control cost into account, bromadiolone poison baits put at 10 m intervals was the optimum method, and its cost was￥22.05/hm2. Conclusion Compared to sodium diphacinone, bromadiolone, with the characteristics of high?efficiency and safety, is used for the control of  M.unguiculatus.

【Abstract】 Objective Observe the control effect of brodifacoum fish sausage poison bait to skunks.  Methods The palatability and killing effect of brodifacoum fish sausage poison bait to skunk were tested in the field trials. Results The loss rates of baits ranged from 6.38% to 10.46% after treatment for 1 and 2 days, and that was zero at the fifth days. The density of skunks was 2.08%-7.04% before treatment for 7 days monitored by snap traps. And that was zero after treatment for 7 days. Conclusion The palatability of skunks to brodifacoum fish sausage poison bait is good and its killing rate reaches 100%. And because of low cost and obtaining easily, it is worthwhile to popularize.

【Abstract】 Objective To deeply know the role of the reporting of dead rodents in the monitering and control of commensal rodent plague and its cooperation with linking surveillance method. Methods  （1）To compare and analyze the function of dead rodents reporting and three plague?risk indicators reporting on the timely finding of the plague in rodents. （2）To analyze the relationship between dead rodents reporting and linking surveillance method and study the function of the latter. Results （1） The reporting of dead rodents contributes to, and other two plague?risk indicators reporting has no relation to the detection of commensal rodent plague among rodents.（2）The two HD techniques in monitoring and control system of commensal rodent plague are dead rodents reporting and linking surveillance method, of which, the former is mainly in charge of the detection of the plague among rodents in time, and the latter has two roles, namely both decreasing and founding the epidemic foci among rodents, especially in decreasing them. Conclusion The emphasis should be put on the popularization of 2HD technique in order to detect and control rodent plague in time in the monitoring and control of commensal rodent plague, and at the same time,  the reporting of three plague?risk indicator should be understood and treated correctly.